Structural Change in the U.S. Dairy Industry: Growth in Scale, Regional Shifts in Milk Production and Processing, and Internationalism

Structural changes in the U.S. dairy industry from the early 1980s to the late 1990s included familiar increases in concentration, industry adjustments to serve large supermarkets, the emergence of two national fluid milk firms (Suiza Foods and Dean Foods), and the emergence of two national dairy cooperatives (Dairy Farmers of America and Land O'Lakes, Inc.). Shifts in the location of milk production in the U.S. to the Western states have caused new dairy product manufacturing plants to locate in those states. This development promises to intensify battles over market share in the expanding U.S. cheese market between Western firms and Upper Midwestern firms. Foreign direct investment in the U.S. dairy industry--especially by European Union firms and a large Canadian firm--increased during the 1980s and 1990s. Facing challenges to expand dairy exports or shrink, the U.S. dairy industry probably will gravitate toward the latter unless government price support and trade policies change to increase price incentives for U.S. firms to export dairy products.

Proof of concept of a workflow methodology for the creation of basic canine head anatomy veterinary education tool using augmented reality

Neuroanatomy can be challenging to both teach and learn within the undergraduate veterinary medicine and surgery curriculum. Traditional techniques have been used for many years, but there has now been a progression to move towards alternative digital models and interactive 3D models to engage the learner. However, digital innovations in the curriculum have typically involved the medical curriculum rather than the veterinary curriculum. Therefore, we aimed to create a simple workflow methodology to highlight the simplicity there is in creating a mobile augmented reality application of basic canine head anatomy. Using canine CT and MRI scans and widely available software programs, we demonstrate how to create an interactive model of head anatomy. This was applied to augmented reality for a popular Android mobile device to demonstrate the user-friendly interface. Here we present the processes, challenges and resolutions for the creation of a highly accurate, data based anatomical model that could potentially be used in the veterinary curriculum. This proof of concept study provides an excellent framework for the creation of augmented reality training products for veterinary education. The lack of similar resources within this field provides the ideal platform to extend this into other areas of veterinary education and beyond

Lattice QCD Application Development within the US DOE Exascale Computing Project

In October, 2016, the US Department of Energy launched the Exascale Computing Project, which aims to deploy exascale computing resources for science and engineering in the early 2020's. The project brings together application teams, software developers, and hardware vendors in order to realize this goal. Lattice QCD is one of the applications. Members of the US lattice gauge theory community with significant collaborators abroad are developing algorithms and software for exascale lattice QCD calculations. We give a short description of the project, our activities, and our plans.Comment: 35th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2017

The Value of an Onsite Residency Experience for Online MBA Programs

The number of institutions of higher education offering MBA programs entirely online has expanded dramatically. While such educational options offer advantages for students who cannot easily attend in-class courses, online programs do present a number of challenges for MBA programs including concerns related to assessment, institutional engagement and adequately addressing important business issues such as innovation. To address the challenges presented when delivering programs through distance education methods, many business programs require online students attend one or more on-site “residency” sessions. This paper focuses on one approach to conducting a residency

OSHA\u27s Impact on Industry

On December 29, 1970, the President signed into law the Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) of 1970, which became effective April 28, 1971. The purpose of this act is to assure safe and healthful working conditions for the nation\u27s wage earners. The law provides that each employer has the basic duty to furnish his employees a place of employment which is safe from recognized hazards that cause death or serious physical harm. The implementation of the OSHA Act has been the most extensive intervention into the day-to-day operation of American Industry in history. Originally, employers expressed doubt that they could meet requirements of the OSHA standards and remain in business. This investigation reveals that a concentrated effort to organize a safety group trained in OSHA standards and a program for identifying costs for correction can lead to an economical compliance program which is advantageous to the employer and employee as well. Three aerospace firms were investigated for the impact of OSHA. Results show that approximately $400,000 will bring each of these firms into compliance. Compliance cost, however, is greatly determined by the type of industry, age of facility, and the safety program in effect at the facility

Management of Intracranial Pressure in Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the result of an external force acting upon the head, causing damage to the brain. The severity of injury, mechanism by which the injury occurs, and the frequency of the high-force impact all play a role in the determination of a TBI. TBI describes a wide range of traumatic pathologies which is comprised of damage done to a multitude of cranial central nervous system components. TBI patients typically present with a series of symptoms are correlated with the presence of an intracranial injury, such as physical/cognitive difficulties. A major concern associated with intracranial injuries is the management of intracranial pressure (ICP), a resulting factor of a TBI which facilitates into intracranial hematoma and/or cerebral edema. These conditions have adverse effects on one’s brain, and the immediate management and relief of intracranial pressure are crucial in avoiding hydrocephalus and brain herniation, conditions which lead to sensory loss and even death. In this chapter, we will begin by thoroughly understanding what a TBI is, its clinical presentation, and the first-tier examination to determine severity. Then, we will progress into the anatomy of the brain, followed by a thorough investigation into intracranial pressure management strategies and prognosis

Diffuse Axonal Injury: A Devastating Pathology

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) also known as intracranial injury is the result of a lesion within the brain due to an external force. Common forms of TBI result from falls, violence, and/or vehicle crashes; the classification of this pathology is dependent on the severity of the lesion as well as the mechanism of trauma to the head. One of the most common onsets of traumatic brain injuries result from mild to severe lesions to the white matter tracts of the brain called diffuse axonal injury (DAI); however, additional forms of TBI’s can present in non-penetrating forms. Penetrating forms of TBI’s such as trauma to the head via a foreign object do also contribute to the many millions of TBI cases per year, but we will not discuss these traumatic injuries as in depth within this chapter. The onset of diffuse axonal injury will vary on a per-patient basis from mild to severe, based on a standardized neurological examination rated on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), which indicates the severity of brain damage present. While there is a spectrum of severity for DAI patients, a concussion is typically observed within a larger majority of patients in addition to other overwhelming trauma

Gigabit Produktionsnetze in der HWW

Unter der Bezeichnung HLRS (Höchstleistungsrechenzentrum Stuttgart) ist am RUS das erste Supercomputerzentrum für den universitären Wissenschaftsbereich in der Bundesrepublik angesiedelt. Derzeit plant die DFG zwei bis drei solcher Zentren. Das inzwischen realisierte Breitband-Wissenschaftsnetz (BWiN) garantiert dabei eine effektive Erreichbarkeit solcher Zentren. Unter der Bezeichnung HWW (Höchstleistungsrechner für Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft) haben Land und Universität zusammen mit den Firmen debis Systemhaus und Porsche AG eine gemeinsame Betriebsgesellschaft gegründet. Diese betreibt auch die im Rahmen des HLRS beschafften Rechner. Die HWW wird ein zwischen dem RUS-Standort Campus Vaihingen und dem debis-Sitz Untertürkheim verteiltes Rechenzentrum etablieren und betreiben. Vom RUS wurde in diesem Kontext am 15. August die Abnahme der NEC SX-4/32 (s. BI 7/8 1996) erfolgreich abgeschlossen; die Maschine wurde anschließend der HWW zum Betrieb übergeben. Die nächste Maschine wird entsprechend eine Cray T-3E/512 sein - aufgestellt am debis-Standort. Dort stehen bereits eine Cray T93 und eine Cray J90, die ebenfalls von der HWW betrieben werden. Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt in diesem Zusammenhang das HWW-Netz mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der schnellen Verbindung Vaihingen-Untertürkheim. In einem weiteren Artikel, HWW-Link - Optik und SDH, wird zudem die Problematik des physikalischen Bit-Transporteszwischen den HWW-Standorten behandelt

Was gibt's Neues im BelWü?

Seit Anfang April des Jahres sind an den Universitäten Freiburg, Heidelberg, Karlsruhe, Mannheim und Stuttgart jeweils 34 MBit/s Breitband-Wissenschaftsnetz-Anschlüße (BWiN) im Einsatz - an den restlichen Universitäten, Hohenheim, Konstanz, Tübingen und Ulm, seit Ende April. Diese Hochgeschwindigkeitszugänge werden von der Telekom im Auftrag des DFN auf ATM-Basis zur Verfügung gestellt. Vom DFN-NOC an der Universität Stuttgart wird hierüber der IP-Dienst realisiert. Die bisherigen 2 bzw. 34 MBit/s BelWü-Datex-M-Anschlüße werden zum 01. Juli 1996 abgeschaltet werden